Suchergebnisse

The aim of the article is to present the diversity of life expectancy, fertility rates, infant mortality and overall mortality rates in the European Union, as well as an attempt to distinguish groups of similar countries due to each of the variables as well as because of all these variables together. The procedure to estimate a synthetic development measure required to carry out the standardization of variables, which in the described case used so-called check-parcel standardization method.

The purpose of the study is to find out, if a social-economic household group and the number of persons in a household have an effect to diversify the alcohol expenses participation in total expenses. The Polish CSO data coming from household budget surveys (1993–2009) were basis of the analysis. The lowest alcohol expenses participation in total expenses was observed in pensioner and, on the second position, in workman households. Relatively, the highest participation was noted in farmers' and, on the second position, in self-employed' households. The higher is the number of persons in a household the lower alcohol expenditure share in total household expenditures. The used analysis of variance made possible to state that household's socio-economic group as well as the household size have an significant statistical effect on alcohol expenditure share in the total expenses of a household.

The review of population age pyramids in the EU-states brings a remark that all age pyramids take shape of a Christmas tree. Their shape is nearly identical to classic age pyramid ending of the progressive type, from the high of 2/3 life age, keeping constant periods of time (five-year periods in this case). It reflects, generally, an extension of the life expectancy. Up to the high of 2/3 life age, some are of the regressive distribution and other are of the stationary type - due to narrower or wider base of the pyramid, respectively. In case of EU-states there are two pyramid types: stationary-progressive and regressive-progressive.